Deforestation Is Infrastructure Expansion ( Geist Lambin...

There are many causes/factors to deforestation, which are largely associated with direct human influence. The first proximate cause to deforestation is infrastructure expansion (Geist Lambin, 2002, p. 144). This refers to transportation (roads), private and public markets, rural and urban settlements, and private and public services (water lines, oil exploitation, etc†¦) (Geist Lambin, 2002, p. 144). The next cause is agricultural expansion, which includes, large or small-scale cultivations, shifting cultivations (slash and burn), and, of course, cattle ranching. Wood extractions for industrial and domestic purposes are other proximate causes to this issue. These issues may be exacerbated by mismanagement of central governments, heavy political and economic pressures, widespread corruption, cronyism (appointing familiars to positions of authority), and illegal logging operations (Speth Haas, 2006, p. 30). Corruption and illegal extracting activities are especially problematic because they allow for further abuse and destruction to this environment. International development agencies and corporations, such as the World Bank, must also be looked as actors to this problem. They have contributed millions of dollars â€Å"into dams, highways, power development, and transmigration schemes† (Speth Haas, 2006, 31). These organizations encourage foreign investments to be taken place so as to expand extraction operations (Speth Haas, 2006, 31). The weakening of domesticShow MoreRelatedDeforestation Is A Global Issue2163 Words   |  9 PagesThe long-term removal of tree cover, deforestation, is a global issue that can be catastrophic if not resolved and is one of the most urgent of issues. Deforestation is a global issue, not only because it happens all around the world, in multiple countries but also because its causes are produced by globally-drive motives. Politically, Socially and Environmentally, deforestation is a global issue that delves deeply in almost all aspects of organism life. This essay will explore into the intr icacyRead MoreDeforestation And Global Climate Change2015 Words   |  9 PagesHuman development relies on deforestation as a method to reclaim land, to cultivate more farmlands, to sell forest products and to increase economic prosperity, but with serious consequences of environmental degradation and global climate change. The country of Nepal has an alarming rate of deforestation. Due to its geographical positioning, it is in a prime position to sequester a significant amount of carbon from our atmosphere with its forests. However, like much of South Asia, Nepal has lostRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation9511 Words   |  39 Pagesand when drier climate prevailed there occurred a loss of reptile diversity.Human activities like creating agricultural lands, lands for development of infrastructure and pollution results in collapse of the habitats .The form of habitat destruction which occurs in deserts is known as desertification,which occurs in forests are known as deforestation,wh ich occurs in coastal areas are known as coral reef degradation. More than 90 percent of the species which are no more are mainly because of habitat

Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe Free Essays

The extract taken from Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa is a letter from Miss Clarissa Harlowe to her sister Miss Howe. In the letter, Miss Clarissa expresses her situation and her feels, as she slows builds up her trouble to the point where she becomes powerless and entangled. Her trouble is that she’s in a situation where she’s trapped by the events caused by two people whom both she dislikes, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lovelace who bothers her with improper suggestions and Mr. Solmes, who she’s soon going to be married to. The extract is written in first person, since it is the actual letter itself where the writer describes her using the most common form â€Å"I†. This gives a more clear view towards the writer, Clarissa’s inner emotions and thoughts. It is a piece of epistoltory writing, where the passage is constructed by short paragraphs that add intensity to the content. The passage starts with a factual tone where Miss Clarissa Harlowe describes her illicit correspondence with Mr. Lovelace by mentioning the letter he deposited in the private garden. The phrase â€Å"private place† suggest secrecy and illicitness of the correspondence and adds a sense of mystery. Speech marks are open in the second paragraph but there’s no direct speech but only a summary of the situation, concerning time and place. In the factual summary, there’s the omission of the names of people, and this implies that her sister Miss Howe knows the characters she mentions, and further, they must have a close relationship for her to know them. This is implication is corresponded with another implication that Miss Howe is not confused by the numerous pronouns used, that suggest she knows the situation well. The third paragraph is a complaint, that’s slightly unfriendly and abrupt. The phrase â€Å"no one† gives a strong sense of accusation towards Mr. Lovelace. There’s a sense of real trouble that builds up as the passage moves along. Her sister’s, as well as her family’s dislike towards Mr. Lovelace are expressed in the insults â€Å"upon him† and the preferring of M. Solmes stead of him. Trouble is suggested by the adding of bad relations of her family with Mr. Lovelace that makes the illicit correspondence dangerous. Mr. Lovelace’s words about himself being more suitable for marriage than M. Solmes are polite and serious. He speaks of settlement, that includes wealth, money, land, which are all proper considerations of marriage. The â€Å"regularity of his life and manners† is a more serious expression that he had no bad habits. However, his bad habits are before his addresses to her, which implies that he had bad habits before. The politeness is suggested in the word â€Å"addresses†, as well as the phrase â€Å"he will not disgrace himself† and â€Å"hope of my favor†. However, contrary to Mr. Lovelace’s polite offerings, the family and him are at bad terms, implied by the use of the imperative word â€Å"must† in his proposals, which suggest that the family will not likely accept them. Clarissa continues to use revelatory language to describe her situation with Mr. Lovelace. Her language reveals what Mr. Lovelace wants, says and what he will do in his letter. For example â€Å"he will submit to any measures that I shall prescribe, in order to bring about a reconciliation. † Along with his polite offerings, Mr. Lovelace tries to show that he has no bad intentions by the suggestion of a meeting â€Å"attended by whom I please†. Mr. Lovelace’s suggestions are all improper, wild and impossible. Young women do not meet men at nighttime in some garden because reputation mattered. It was improper to offer her an asylum when she should be tyrannically treated and it was almost impossible for her friends to drive her into a foreign protection. She is offended towards the suggestions because she mentions them. M. Lovelace’s suggestions condemn itself because its impossibility and improperness are all implied. The paradox exists when she mentions, â€Å"I had given him great encouragement† as well as the improper suggestions that she’s offended to. It emphasizes the improperness of the suggestions and her feeling of being offended. Clarissa’s retelling of Mr. Lovelace’s description of himself, contrasts with Mr. Lovelace’s improper, impossible suggestions. One is polite, serious while the other abrupt and offensive. The contrast further intensifies the feeling of being offended by Clarissa. In contrast to her strong feeling, her comments are reduced to only four lines while the majority of the description is about Mr. Lovelace. She moves to the inequality between man and woman where she finds women are too complaisant or bashful. There’s an indication of the arrogance of men where women are entangled by old supposals and offers. However, inequality is only pinpointed with a few lines. There’s the omission of detail of the inequality she mentions, as well as the omission of detail in her descriptions of her situation. Further there’s the omission of Mr. Lovelace’s emotions although he is the one that offers and suggestions. Later, she reanalyzes her own background, where she uses the alliteration â€Å"drawn and driven† that presents a sense of entrapment and powerlessness. Her emotions are shown through her heart, that condemns the â€Å"mere lover-like correspondence†. The sense of entrapment is further shown by the idea of things that crowds on her, where she could not â€Å"break it off†. The paradox between her being crowded by the idea of things and her being alone also strengthen the sense of entrapment. The demanding of advice from her sister suggests her alones and that she has to confide to someone not living there to seek her help. She sees love as entanglement, as she condemns the lover-like correspondence. The correspondence had caused the unhappy situation, â€Å"more and more entangled†. She not only dislikes Mr. Lovelace, but also Mr. Solmes, as she mentions that she wants break off the marriage. She’s eager to escape the entanglement and seeks to be free, shown by her wishing to â€Å"put an end to it†. This is supported by the desperate tone she has, as she points clearly to her suffering by obvious words such as â€Å"unhappy. Her tone is also pessimistic, as she uses words such as â€Å"extricate†, which has a negative meaning. My personal response is that her entanglement is very difficult to resolve since she’s going to marry soon. If she breaks off the marriage, it would cause Mr. Solmes to misunderstand her that she accepts his improper suggestions. Her problem is tragic and inevitable to avoid. For that, I feel sorry for her. How to cite Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe, Papers

Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe Free Essays

The extract taken from Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa is a letter from Miss Clarissa Harlowe to her sister Miss Howe. In the letter, Miss Clarissa expresses her situation and her feels, as she slows builds up her trouble to the point where she becomes powerless and entangled. Her trouble is that she’s in a situation where she’s trapped by the events caused by two people whom both she dislikes, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lovelace who bothers her with improper suggestions and Mr. Solmes, who she’s soon going to be married to. The extract is written in first person, since it is the actual letter itself where the writer describes her using the most common form â€Å"I†. This gives a more clear view towards the writer, Clarissa’s inner emotions and thoughts. It is a piece of epistoltory writing, where the passage is constructed by short paragraphs that add intensity to the content. The passage starts with a factual tone where Miss Clarissa Harlowe describes her illicit correspondence with Mr. Lovelace by mentioning the letter he deposited in the private garden. The phrase â€Å"private place† suggest secrecy and illicitness of the correspondence and adds a sense of mystery. Speech marks are open in the second paragraph but there’s no direct speech but only a summary of the situation, concerning time and place. In the factual summary, there’s the omission of the names of people, and this implies that her sister Miss Howe knows the characters she mentions, and further, they must have a close relationship for her to know them. This is implication is corresponded with another implication that Miss Howe is not confused by the numerous pronouns used, that suggest she knows the situation well. The third paragraph is a complaint, that’s slightly unfriendly and abrupt. The phrase â€Å"no one† gives a strong sense of accusation towards Mr. Lovelace. There’s a sense of real trouble that builds up as the passage moves along. Her sister’s, as well as her family’s dislike towards Mr. Lovelace are expressed in the insults â€Å"upon him† and the preferring of M. Solmes stead of him. Trouble is suggested by the adding of bad relations of her family with Mr. Lovelace that makes the illicit correspondence dangerous. Mr. Lovelace’s words about himself being more suitable for marriage than M. Solmes are polite and serious. He speaks of settlement, that includes wealth, money, land, which are all proper considerations of marriage. The â€Å"regularity of his life and manners† is a more serious expression that he had no bad habits. However, his bad habits are before his addresses to her, which implies that he had bad habits before. The politeness is suggested in the word â€Å"addresses†, as well as the phrase â€Å"he will not disgrace himself† and â€Å"hope of my favor†. However, contrary to Mr. Lovelace’s polite offerings, the family and him are at bad terms, implied by the use of the imperative word â€Å"must† in his proposals, which suggest that the family will not likely accept them. Clarissa continues to use revelatory language to describe her situation with Mr. Lovelace. Her language reveals what Mr. Lovelace wants, says and what he will do in his letter. For example â€Å"he will submit to any measures that I shall prescribe, in order to bring about a reconciliation. † Along with his polite offerings, Mr. Lovelace tries to show that he has no bad intentions by the suggestion of a meeting â€Å"attended by whom I please†. Mr. Lovelace’s suggestions are all improper, wild and impossible. Young women do not meet men at nighttime in some garden because reputation mattered. It was improper to offer her an asylum when she should be tyrannically treated and it was almost impossible for her friends to drive her into a foreign protection. She is offended towards the suggestions because she mentions them. M. Lovelace’s suggestions condemn itself because its impossibility and improperness are all implied. The paradox exists when she mentions, â€Å"I had given him great encouragement† as well as the improper suggestions that she’s offended to. It emphasizes the improperness of the suggestions and her feeling of being offended. Clarissa’s retelling of Mr. Lovelace’s description of himself, contrasts with Mr. Lovelace’s improper, impossible suggestions. One is polite, serious while the other abrupt and offensive. The contrast further intensifies the feeling of being offended by Clarissa. In contrast to her strong feeling, her comments are reduced to only four lines while the majority of the description is about Mr. Lovelace. She moves to the inequality between man and woman where she finds women are too complaisant or bashful. There’s an indication of the arrogance of men where women are entangled by old supposals and offers. However, inequality is only pinpointed with a few lines. There’s the omission of detail of the inequality she mentions, as well as the omission of detail in her descriptions of her situation. Further there’s the omission of Mr. Lovelace’s emotions although he is the one that offers and suggestions. Later, she reanalyzes her own background, where she uses the alliteration â€Å"drawn and driven† that presents a sense of entrapment and powerlessness. Her emotions are shown through her heart, that condemns the â€Å"mere lover-like correspondence†. The sense of entrapment is further shown by the idea of things that crowds on her, where she could not â€Å"break it off†. The paradox between her being crowded by the idea of things and her being alone also strengthen the sense of entrapment. The demanding of advice from her sister suggests her alones and that she has to confide to someone not living there to seek her help. She sees love as entanglement, as she condemns the lover-like correspondence. The correspondence had caused the unhappy situation, â€Å"more and more entangled†. She not only dislikes Mr. Lovelace, but also Mr. Solmes, as she mentions that she wants break off the marriage. She’s eager to escape the entanglement and seeks to be free, shown by her wishing to â€Å"put an end to it†. This is supported by the desperate tone she has, as she points clearly to her suffering by obvious words such as â€Å"unhappy. Her tone is also pessimistic, as she uses words such as â€Å"extricate†, which has a negative meaning. My personal response is that her entanglement is very difficult to resolve since she’s going to marry soon. If she breaks off the marriage, it would cause Mr. Solmes to misunderstand her that she accepts his improper suggestions. Her problem is tragic and inevitable to avoid. For that, I feel sorry for her. How to cite Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe, Papers

Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt Essay Example For Students

Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt Essay 1) I have chosen to discuss the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Both have many significant similarities and differences. I would like to compare some important points in four common categories. I will compare and contrast the geography and its impact, the political structure of each society, the importance of their existing class structures and finally the role of women in these dynamic civilizations. Mesopotamia and Egypt were both in flood basins of major rivers. Mesopotamia was characterized by turmoil and tension and in contrast Egypt was characterized by stability and serenity. The Mesopotamian climate was harsh and since the Tigris and the Euphrates flooded irregularly, nature was not viewed as life enhancing but rather considered to be a threat. Mesopotamia was located on an open plain without protection from foreign intrusions; therefore they were continually on alert. Egypt, on the other hand, was centered on the dependable Nile. The rich and fertile soil of the Nile Valley provided agricultural wealth. Even though the river was known to flood yearly the Egyptians had no reason to fear it. It helped them predict nature and they began to use this knowledge to their benefit. Since the Nile Valley was surrounded by deserts and the Red Sea, Egypt was free relatively free from foreign invasions. The Nile was also used for travel in their civilization. The political structure in Mesopotamia during the Sumarian era had no unified government. Instead it had numerous independent city states. In the Babylonian Empire Hammurabi enforced his laws described in the Code of Hammurabi. In this Code, the lower class had fewer rites than the higher class and is known for strict punishments. In the beginning Egypt was divided into two parts governed by different rulers. The Unification of the lower and upper kingdoms of Egypt marked the beginning of the Archaic period. The unification of Egypt was significant in the longevity of this civilization to ensure the free flow of traffic on the Nile. The Kingdom of Egypt was ruled by one ruler called the Pharaoh that ruled the land as the chief priest. In this civilization there was no separation of religion and politics in their lives. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were at one time ruled by kings that derived their power from the gods and were viewed as divine. The Class structure in Mesopotamia had three major social groups. They were known as the nobles, commoners, and slaves. Commoners that included farmers, merchants, fishermen, scribes, and craftspeople made up ninety percent of the Sumerian population. In Egypt the class structure was similar in that there were three major class groups called nobles or upper class, middle class, and lower class. The enormous difference between the classes is best shown in the lower classes. The Mesopotamian lower classes were slaves commanded by their owners. In Egypt the lower class citizens lived freely but with certain requirements to their country.They were to pay taxes on their crops and dedicated much time towards the countries building projects. They also provided a strong military when needed. The lower classes in Egypt had a sense of contribution towards building places to respect their Gods. In Mesopotamia women in general had the role of keeping the household duties. These duties included h ousehold chores, bearing children and educating them. Also, anything a man decided he wanted she must do. Although, not all women stayed at home. Some of them worked for other people. In Egypt the same was true. Wives were very respected in the household and engaged in keeping the household running and educating the children. However women were allowed to hold much more power in Egypt. They were allowed to inherit property, engage in business and even succeed to the throne. These things were not attainable to women in Mesopotamia. .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 , .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .postImageUrl , .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 , .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:hover , .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:visited , .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:active { border:0!important; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:active , .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6 .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b898d0c2884c2d8f9543ed790d882f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Steinbeck's East of Eden - Religious Referenc Essay2.) It is said that the major achievements of Indo-Aryans were intangible rather than material, primarily in verbal skill and poetic imagination. Over a long time a body of hymns, prayers, and incantations known as the Four Vedas were passed down from each generation orally. The Vedas compiled the books of the Indo-Aryan and later the Hindu religions. All of these things written and spoken aided in the formation of what is known as Hinduism. Although there was no specific event, the origin of Hinduism started with the separation from common Indo-European pastoral tradition and immersed in speculation about the nature of the cosmic order. From this was a growing belief in the existence of a single force in the universe called Brahman. Hinduism in its early form is still sometimes referred to as Brahmanism. The individuals duty was to achieve understanding of the ultimate reality so that after death one would merge in spiritual form with Brahman. This was recorded in the Upinshads, a set of commentaries on the Vedas. The main ideas are referred to as the main concepts of Hinduism. One of the concepts was that ones duty was to achieve understanding of the ultimate reality so that one would merge with the Brahman after death. Another main concept was reincarnation, which is the idea that ones soul is reborn in a different form after death. One goes through many existences until the final destination where a union is formed with the Brahman. A key element in reincarnation is Karma, which is also another main concept, and is translated to ones actions in this life. Karma is the status of an individual soul that is determined by the result of actions that a soul committed in the past. The ultimate goal was to achieve good Karma to escape a life cycle that was viewed as harsh, painful and short. The average Indian citizen craved a more concrete form of heavenly salvation, and enjoyed the value of material items in their lives. Hinduism was against both and so there was controversy about this religion in the Indian culture. In contrast to the caste system in ancient India, Hinduism ranked people not by wealth and power but by their spiritual progress. Many pondered the basis of this religion. Siddhartha Gautama accepted many Hindu beliefs but altered the practices. He was eventually credited as the founder of Buddhism. Hinduism would undergo many changes from its origins in Aryan society and became the religion of the majority of Indian people. Although it has been argued that Hinduism is not a religion. I view Hinduism as a legitimate religion in the Indian culture today. I have a great deal of respect for this religion in that it can supply the spiritual needs we as human-beings crave. Bibliography: